[Clinical analysis of 10 cases of gynecological malignancies complicated with paraneoplastic syndrome].

Objective

To explore the clinical features and diagnostic key points of gynecological malignancies complicated with paraneoplastic syndrome (PS).

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 10 patients with gynecological malignancies complicated with PS admitted at Peking University People, Hospital from January 2016 to June 2025. The pathological types, stages of tumors, manifestations of PS, treatment and prognosis of primary tumors and PS were analyzed. The outcomes were evaluated through telephone follow-up.

Results

(1) Tumor pathological types: ovarian malignant tumors were the most common (7 cases). Among them, 2 out of 3 patients with high-grade serous carcinoma presented with neurological PS, 2 out of 3 patients with clear cell carcinoma had hypercalcemia-type PS. In addition, 3 cases were other types of gynecological malignant tumors, including 1 case each of pelvic malignant tumor (not surgically treated, likely originating from the uterus), vulvar malignant tumor, and endometrial stromal sarcoma. (2) Types of PS: involving the nervous system (3 cases), metabolic disorders (3 cases, all with hypercalcemia), immune system (3 cases), and respiratory system (1 case). (3) Temporal relationship: PS was discovered simultaneously with the tumor in 4 cases, PS preceded the tumor in 3 cases, and PS occurred within 5 years after surgery in 3 cases. (4) Prognosis: 3 cases survived with the disease, 4 cases died, and 3 cases were lost to follow-up.

Conclusions

Patients with advanced ovarian malignant tumors are a high-risk group for PS. High-grade serous carcinoma is prone to be complicated by neurological damage of PS; clear cell carcinoma is prone to be complicated by hypercalcemia of PS, which is often a manifestation in the terminal stage of the tumor; for immune system damage of PS, it is associated with a wide spectrum of gynecological malignancies and is more common in patients with recurrence and metastasis.