Transvenous Lead Extraction for Tricuspid Regurgitation and Right Atrial Enlargement Induced by an Atrial Lead.

BACKGROUND

Cardiac implantable electronic device-related tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is increasingly recognized; however, TR induced primarily by atrial leads is rare.

CASE SUMMARY: A 64-year-old woman with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy underwent dual-chamber implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement. Serial echocardiography demonstrated progressive TR and right atrial dilation caused by a redundant atrial lead loop prolapsing through the tricuspid valve. Over time, left ventricular systolic function improved, ventricular pacing burden remained low, and pulmonary hypertension did not develop. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed direct atrial lead-leaflet interaction with incomplete leaflet coaptation. Transvenous lead extraction was performed, resulting in improvement in TR and a reduction in right atrial size.

DISCUSSION: Direct mechanical interference from the atrial lead was considered the cause of the TR. Careful assessment of lead-leaflet interaction is important, and lead extraction may effectively improve TR.

TAKE-HOME MESSAGES: Atrial lead-induced TR is uncommon. Recognition of lead-leaflet interaction may guide appropriate management.