Effects of Dihydroartemisinin against Cystic Echinococcosis In Vitro and In Vivo.

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a disease caused by the infection of Echinococcus granulosus. We sought to investigate the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) against CE under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Protoscoleces (PSCs) from E. granulosus were divided into control, DMSO, ABZ, DHA-L, DHA-M, and DHA-H groups. PSC viability after DHA treatment was determined based on the eosin dye exclusion test, alkaline phosphatase content detection, and ultrastructure observation. DNA oxidative damage inducer hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger mannitol, and the DNA damage repair inhibitor velparib were used to explore the anti-CE mechanism of DHA. The anti-CE effects and CE-induced liver injury and oxidative stress of DHA at different doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) were assessed in CE mice. DHA showed antiparasitic effects on CE in both in vivo and in vitro experiments. DHA could elevate the ROS level and induce oxidative DNA damage in PSCs, thereby destroying hydatid cysts. DHA could inhibit the growth of cysts in a dose-dependent manner and reduce the content of biochemical parameters associated with liver injury in CE mice. It also significantly reversed oxidative stress in CE mice, which was characterized as the decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha and H2O2 content, as well as the increase of the ratio of glutathione/oxidized glutathione and total superoxide dismutase content. DHA showed antiparasitic effects. DNA damages induced by oxidative stress played important roles in this process.