Unraveling the role of chemokines in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: expression levels at different stages.

Mycosis fungoides (MF) and Sezary syndrome (SS) are the most prevalent cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, classified separately in the 2022 WHO Classification due to their distinct features. Despite advances, the mechanisms underlying disease progression-from early patch and plaque lesions to advanced tumor stages-remain incompletely understood. Chemokines and their receptors play crucial roles in the migration and survival of malignant T cells, influencing tissue invasion, immune evasion, and dissemination. This review highlights the altered expression of chemokine receptors like CCR4, CCR7, CCR8, CCR10, CXCR3, and CXCR4 in MF/SS and their contribution to disease evolution. It also explores the transition from a Th1 to a Th2 immune profile, linked to tumor progression. The dual role of chemokines in physiology and pathology is examined, with emphasis on their therapeutic potential in CTCL.