Recurrent atypical ductal hyperplasia in the setting of gynecomastia in a male patient: a unique finding and brief literature review.

Gynecomastia (GM) is a benign condition involving glandular proliferation within male breast tissue. Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) is considered a high-risk lesion due to its association with an increased risk of breast cancer; however, the literature remains sparse regarding the male population with underlying ADH. ADH in the setting of GM. Currently, the reported incidence of ADH with GM ranges from 0.4% to 4.5%. Here, we present a case of a male patient with recurrent ADH after a previous excision for bilateral ADH that was upstaged to ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) after definitive surgery for the recurrent ADH. The ADH and DCIS were successfully excised via central lumpectomy. A brief literature review on its incidence and treatment within the male population was also conducted. This case highlights the rarity of ADH and DCIS in men, as well as their recurrence following nipple-sparing mastectomy.