Pulmonary Embolism Risk After Cosmetic Abdominoplasty and Functional Panniculectomy.

BACKGROUND

Tighter abdominal wall reconstruction may increase intra-abdominal pressure, which can decrease lower extremity venous return. Decreased venous return through the inferior vena cava has been demonstrated to increase risk of deep vein thrombosis.

OBJECTIVES

Tighter abdominal wall plication during cosmetic abdominoplasty compared with functional panniculectomy may increase these risks. The purpose of this study was to determine whether cosmetic abdominoplasty increases risk for thromboembolic events compared with functional panniculectomy.

METHODS

Retrospective cohort study was conducted using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database for excision of excessive subcutaneous infraumbilical skin and soft tissue at participating hospitals between 2015 and 2019. Procedures performed for cosmetic abdominoplasty versus functional panniculectomy were compared for occurrences of postoperative pulmonary embolism (PE).

RESULTS

During the study interval, 11,137 patients underwent excision of excessive infraumbilical abdominal skin, including 57.4% (n = 6397) patients undergoing functional panniculectomy and 42.6% (n = 4740) patients undergoing cosmetic abdominoplasty. Patients undergoing functional panniculectomy were significantly more likely to have comorbidities than those undergoing cosmetic abdominoplasty ( P < 0.001). The risk for postoperative PE was independently associated with cosmetic abdominoplasty ( P < 0.001), elevated body mass index ( P = 0.001), preoperative recent weight loss ( P = 0.006), and concurrent hernia repair ( P = 0.049). Most PE events occurred outpatient after discharge (87.2%), and the average postoperative time from surgery until PE was 10.5 ± 6.7 days.

CONCLUSIONS

Cosmetic abdominoplasty has greater than 4 times the risk of postoperative PE than functional panniculectomy. Risk of PE is further increased by concurrent hernia repair, elevated body mass index, and rapid weight loss in the immediate preoperative period. It may be advisable to caution patients to delay abdominal excisional body contouring procedures until their weight has plateaued.