Description of Xiphinema baliense sp. nov. (Nematoda: Longidoridae), a new member of the X. americanum-group from Bali, Indonesia.

Xiphinema baliense sp. nov., a member of the X. americanum-group, brevicolle-subgroup, was recovered from the rhizosphere of native vegetation in Bali, Indonesia. Females of the new species are characterized by a moderately long body (2.0-2.4 mm), having a lip region offset by a shallow depression, well-developed odontostyle (106-118 μm), didelphic-amphidelphic equally developed reproductive branches, vulva at 52-55% of body length and a conoid tail (24-31 μm), dorsally convex, ventrally flat with a widely rounded tip. Males were not observed. The alpha-numeric identification codes for the new species are: A5, B23, C2, D2, E3, F-, G2, H2, I2. The new species was morphologically compared with relevant tentative cryptic species in the aforementioned subgroup, including X. brevicolle, X. himalayense, X. paramonovi, X. primum, X. parabrevicolle, and X. purpureum. Molecular data derived from the D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rRNA, ITS1, partial 18S rRNA, and COI genes were used to reconstruct the phylogenetic relationships of X. baliense sp. nov. with related species within the X. americanum-group using the Bayesian approach, and the resulting topologies were discussed.