First Molecular Detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA in Blood and Milk of Goats from Algeria.

Toxoplasmosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases in humans, potentially acquired by ingesting unpasteurized goat milk. This study examined the role of goat milk as a source of infection of Toxoplasma gondii for humans in Algeria. Sera, blood, and milk samples collected from 106 female goats were tested for the presence of antibodies against T. gondii and its DNA, using indirect ELISA and PCR, respectively. Multiplex PCR was performed using 15 microsatellite markers to determine the clonal type of the T. gondii DNA detected. Seropositive results were found in 51 she-goats (48.11%). T. gondii DNA was detected in 16 (15.09%) and 15 (14.15%) blood and milk samples, respectively. In total, 15 (29.41%) out of 51-seropositive goats were PCR-positive for blood, while only 6 of them (6/15, 40%) showed the presence of T. gondii DNA in their milk. A fair correlation was found between indirect ELISA and PCR assays for T. gondii detection in milk (K = 0.2243) and blood (K = 0.28300), with a substantial difference in the screening ability of the tests (G2 = 38.96, p < 0.0001). The genotyping of samples could not be completed, but showed the absence of type I and type III lineages in goats from the Mila region, northeastern Algeria. The Algerian goat population is highly exposed to T. gondii, with a potentially increased risk of parasite transmission to humans via milk consumption.