In the wisdom of Odin: modular architecture, receptor trafficking and therapeutic implications.

INTRODUCTION

Odin (ANKS1A) is a multidomain adaptor protein originally identified as a substrate of receptor tyrosine kinases. Over the past two decades, studies have revealed functions that extend beyond canonical growth factor signaling. At the molecular level, Odin participates in receptor signaling and membrane trafficking pathways, while at the cellular and physiological levels it contributes to processes such as ependymal cell development, ciliogenesis, and neurovascular homeostasis. Consistent with these diverse functions, alterations in Odin expression or activity have been linked to an expanding spectrum of human diseases, including cancer, neurodevelopmental disorders, neurodegeneration, ciliopathies, and cardiovascular diseases.

AREAS COVERED: In this review, we summarize current knowledge of Odin structure and function, with particular emphasis on how its conserved modular architecture may support its role as a coordinator of receptor trafficking, signaling, and membrane homeostasis. We further discuss emerging evidence linking Odin dysfunction to human diseases and review the limited therapeutic strategies currently available.

EXPERT OPINION: Collectively, we propose a model in which Odin functions through its conserved multidomain architecture. A deeper understanding of its structural organization and molecular mechanisms may not only reveal fundamental principles of receptor regulation but also establish Odin as a promising, yet largely unexplored, therapeutic target.