Optics express · 2024
Polarization entanglement generation in silicon nitride waveguide-coupled dual microring resonators.
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Nachtigall Maj-Britt, Scherneck Stephan, Au Bastian, Hansen-Hagge Christian, Kielstein Jan T
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Chlorprothixene is a typical antipsychotic, primarily used in the treatment of psychotic disorders. Overdose may result in severe cardiovascular and central nervous system toxicity. Evidence on the effectiveness of extracorporeal elimination is scarce.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 19-year-old female ingested 5 g of chlorprothixene in a suicide attempt. Upon admission to the intensive care unit, she was awake, responsive, and oriented. Initial management included 50 g of activated charcoal. As doses of >2 g chlorprothixene can cause severe intoxication and death, attempts to enhance drug elimination by extracorporeal therapy were undertaken. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was initiated approximately 3 h after admission, exchanging 5,096 mL of plasma with albumin solution and FFP over 3 h 10 min. This was followed by a 10 h 10 min prolonged intermittent kidney replacement therapy (PIKRT). Serial blood, apheresis, and dialyzate samples were collected to quantify drug removal. Both procedures were well tolerated. The patient remained clinically stable and was transferred to a psychiatric facility 24 h post-admission.
CONCLUSION: Although chlorprothixene plasma levels decreased, the amount of chlorprothixene removed by TPE and PIKRT was negligible, classifying the drug as "not dialyzable" per EXTRIP criteria. Given the limited clinical evidence and the pharmacokinetic properties of chlorprothixene, TPE cannot be recommended for the management of chlorprothixene overdose and should not be regarded as a standard treatment option. According to the available literature, this is the first description of chlorprothixene intoxication managed with both TPE and high-flux hemodialysis, highlighting the limited extracorporeal removal of this drug.
CASE PRESENTATION: A 19-year-old female ingested 5 g of chlorprothixene in a suicide attempt. Upon admission to the intensive care unit, she was awake, responsive, and oriented. Initial management included 50 g of activated charcoal. As doses of >2 g chlorprothixene can cause severe intoxication and death, attempts to enhance drug elimination by extracorporeal therapy were undertaken. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was initiated approximately 3 h after admission, exchanging 5,096 mL of plasma with albumin solution and FFP over 3 h 10 min. This was followed by a 10 h 10 min prolonged intermittent kidney replacement therapy (PIKRT). Serial blood, apheresis, and dialyzate samples were collected to quantify drug removal. Both procedures were well tolerated. The patient remained clinically stable and was transferred to a psychiatric facility 24 h post-admission.
CONCLUSION: Although chlorprothixene plasma levels decreased, the amount of chlorprothixene removed by TPE and PIKRT was negligible, classifying the drug as "not dialyzable" per EXTRIP criteria. Given the limited clinical evidence and the pharmacokinetic properties of chlorprothixene, TPE cannot be recommended for the management of chlorprothixene overdose and should not be regarded as a standard treatment option. According to the available literature, this is the first description of chlorprothixene intoxication managed with both TPE and high-flux hemodialysis, highlighting the limited extracorporeal removal of this drug.