The roles of extracellular vesicles including "oviductosomes" in normal reproduction and related pathological conditions.

AIMS: This paper aims to provide a comprehensive summary and analysis of the existing research on the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the female reproductive system under normal and pathological conditions. The role of EVs in transporting specific molecules, such as miRNAs, and their importance in key reproductive processes are also discussed. Attention is given to the role of a particular type of EVs in the uterine (Fallopian) tube, referred to as "oviductosomes".

MATERIAL AND

METHODS

We conducted a thorough search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to find the relevant articles. Key words used were extracellular vesicles OR oviductosomes AND female reproductive system, AND fertilization. Only peer-reviewed articles in English were included. The year span covered was from 1983 to 2025.

KEY FINDINGS: EVs are involved in normal reproductive functions as well as in the development of reproductive disorders such as infertility. Specifically, the paper summarized significant findings on their roles in gamete maturation, fertilization, uterine receptivity, embryo implantation, early embryo development, and the progression of various diseases.

SIGNIFICANCE: The review provides future directions for clinical applications in EV-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in reproductive medicine, using them as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.