Prevention and Treatment of Infection in Rhinoplasty.

Infection after rhinoplasty is uncommon but potentially devastating, threatening both functional and aesthetic outcomes. Reported rates range from 0.2% to 2%, with higher risk in revision cases and when grafts or implants are used. This article reviews the microbiology, risk factors, and clinical presentation of post-rhinoplasty infections, and outlines evidence-based strategies for prevention and treatment. Emphasis is placed on optimizing patient selection, perioperative prophylaxis, meticulous surgical technique, and careful graft choice. Practical algorithms for diagnosis and management are presented, aiming to reduce complication rates and guide clinicians in delivering safe, predictable surgical outcomes.