Behavioural factors associated with cutaneous anthrax in Musadzi area of Gokwe North, Zimbabwe.

OBJECTIVES

To determine behaviour factors for contracting human cutaneous anthrax among residents of Musadzi area.

DESIGN

We conducted a matched case-control study for age, sex, and village.

SETTING

A rural community in Musadzi area of Gokwe North district.

SUBJECTS: We interviewed 35 cases and 35 controls. A case was defined as any resident/visitor of Musadzi, diagnosed with anthrax between 9 September and 10 November 2004. A control was any resident who had not been diagnosed with anthrax and had no lesions suggestive ofanthrax on day of the interview.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Behaviour factors associated with contracting anthrax.

RESULTS

In September 2004, cattle were reported to be dying in Musadzi area. Bacillus anthracis was positively identified in a blood smear from some of the carcasses. The attack rate among humans was 5%. Risk factors associated with contracting anthrax were: skinning of animals that had died from unknown causes AOR=3.8 (95% CI:1.3-10.7); preparation of the meat for cooking (AOR=3.1 (95% CI:1.16-8-4); preparation of the meat for drying AOR=2.7 (95% CI: 1.0081-7.4); belonging to a religious or ethnic sect that allow handling of meat from animals that had died from unknown causes (AOR=5.2 (95% CI: 1.8-14.8).

CONCLUSION

The human anthrax outbreak was secondary to an anthrax epizootic occurring in cattle. The Ministry of Health activated the local zoonotic committee, carried out anthrax awareness campaigns, supervised the destruction of carcasses, disinfected potentially contaminated sites and introduced a participatory health education tool on anthrax. The veterinary department quarantined and vaccinated cattle.