[Use of anthrax as biological weapon].

We describe the epidemiology of anthrax and the several human disease aspect, by spores penetration through the skin or by inhalation or ingestion, and the action of exotoxin secreted by B. anthracis. We detail pulmonary anthrax that could derive from intentional release of endospore as biological weapon. Laboratory diagnosis of Cereus group with cultural, FDA and PCR methods are reported. Environment disinfection, vaccination, antibiotic prophylaxis, passive antibody administration and treatment of anthrax are reported.