Rare complication of a common procedure: Pneumomediastinum following an endodontic procedure.

Pneumomediastinum is a rare but potentially serious complication characterized by the presence of air within mediastinal structures. Although it is typically associated with thoracic trauma or vigorous coughing, it can also occur following dental procedures involving high-speed air-turbine drills. During these procedures, air can enter the cervical fascial planes and potentially extend to the mediastinum, leading to risks like deep neck infections or mediastinitis. This report presents the case of a 38-year-old woman who developed cervical emphysema and pneumomediastinum on the same day following endodontic treatment. Computed tomography (CT) imaging demonstrated air densities extending from the submandibular region to the mediastinum. There was no evidence of pneumothorax, pleural effusion, or pericardial effusion. The patient was managed conservatively with oxygen therapy and intravenous antibiotics, resulting in complete recovery within one week. This case highlights the importance of recognizing pneumomediastinum in patients presenting with neck swelling and subcutaneous crepitus following dental procedures. Since it can be mistaken for postoperative edema, infection, or allergic reactions, early CT imaging is crucial for accurate diagnosis and timely intervention. Awareness of this rare complication among healthcare professionals plays a critical role in ensuring early detection and effective patient management.