Electronic educational resource (EOR) "Module. Diabetes mellitus in children"

Diabetes mellitus occupies a leading place in the pathology of the endocrine system in children and adolescents and remains one of the most urgent health problems in most countries. In the last decade, the annual incidence of type 1 diabetes in children has shown a significant increase both in Russia and around the world. According to the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), it is increasing by 3% per year. In addition, in all European countries there is a "phenomenon of rejuvenation of diabetes" - an increase in the proportion of children who first fell ill with type 1 diabetes at a younger age: 25-30% up to 4 years of age; up to 80% - from 6 months to 9 years. The annual incidence of type 1 diabetes in children (0-14 years old) in the Sverdlovsk region over the past decade (2006-2017) has almost doubled: from 12.2 cases per 100 thousand children in 2006 to 23 ,7 in 2017 and occupies one of the leading places in the Russian Federation in this indicator. More than 200 children with type 1 diabetes are diagnosed per year, of which about 75% of children who become ill for the first time are under the age of 9 years. Type 1 diabetes is characterized by complete insulin dependence, severe course, early formation of specific complications that lead to a decrease in the quality and life expectancy. Unfortunately, in more than 70% of cases, DM is diagnosed at the stage of ketoacidosis, which requires urgent measures. The main reason for the late diagnosis of this disease is the lack of "diabetic alertness" among pediatricians and AFP physicians. The foregoing obliges a wide range of doctors, including pediatricians, to know the clinical and laboratory criteria for diagnosis, modern methods of monitoring and managing diabetes, possible complications and outcomes of the disease, and be able to provide emergency care. Timely diagnosis, self-monitoring, regular monitoring, prevention of complications is an opportunity to improve the quality of life of patients with diabetes.