Coexistent Antiphospholipid Syndrome with Polycythemia Vera in a 25-year-old Lady Presented with Splenic Vein Thrombosis.

A high risk of thrombosis is linked to myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) and antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). The systemic autoimmune disorder known as APS is characterized by persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies [anticardiolipin (aCL), lupus anticoagulant, and antibeta 2 glycoprotein 1 IgG and IgM antibodies] in conjunction with obstetrical complications or thrombosis (Chayoua et al.). Polycythemia vera (PV) is a MPN that causes too many red blood cells (RBCs) in the blood and proinflammatory cytokines. In this report, we present a case of a 25-year-old lady with a history of second-trimester abortion who presented with abdominal pain and hepatosplenomegaly. Owing to erythrocytosis, thrombocytosis, and moderate hepatosplenomegaly, workup for MPN was done along with prothrombotic workup including APS, and she turned out to be positive for both. Coexistence of MPN and APS is rare in the literature. The optimal management of patients with coexistent APS and MPN has not been defined so far. Immediate anticoagulation with specific treatment for MPN is essential to prevent further thromboembolic episodes and progression to catastrophic APS.