Saphenous vein graft longevity: Novel approaches.

The saphenous vein remains the most commonly used conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting despite its low long-term patency rate. This has prompted extensive research focused on understanding the pathophysiology of graft failure and improving both short- and long-term patency. Several mechanisms of venous graft failure have been discussed in the literature, and different methods have been proposed to prevent and slow this pathological process, with the goal of improving the longevity of grafts. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the novel therapies, techniques, and strategies to improve saphenous vein graft longevity after coronary artery bypass grafting.