Olfactory and sensory attributes of the nose.

The human nasal cavity contains multiple sensory and olfactory structures. The nasal mucosa with its complex innervation detects the danger substances in the air and stimulates the protective reflexes. Healthy olfactory mucosa allows for appreciation of pleasant aromas and food flavors. The olfactory nerve, in concert with the trigeminal nerve, serves as a main interpreter and modulator of chemosensory information. The anatomy of the olfactory neuroepithelium, which occupies only a small portion of the nasal mucosa, is generally well understood, while the presence and distribution of the sensory/tactile receptors in the mucosa of the nasal cavity is still a subject of controversy. The nasal vestibule, lined with skin, contains receptors that can sense noxious stimuli and air-flow. The sensitivity of the nasal mucosa to air-flow still needs further research. Understanding the distribution of the air-flow receptors could help to guide nasal surgery for obstruction.