Clinical Case of Inferior Vena Cava Leiomyoma in a Patient with Thrombocytopenia.

Primary leiomyomas of the vascular system, particularly of the inferior vena cava (IVC), are extremely rare benign vascular tumors, which, due to their extraluminal growth, can mimic tumors of the adjacent organs. The report pre- sents the case of IVC leiomyoma in a patient with a complicated hematological history, with recently treated idiopathic thrombocytopenia, to demonstrate the complexity of the differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal neoplasms. The case clearly demonstrates the limitations in diagnosing IVC tumors, even using modern imaging techniques, in cases of their extraluminal growth. Only the use of an aggressive surgical approach (en bloc resection of the tumor with the involved vascular wall) in combination with morphological and immunohistochemical verification guarantees an accurate diag- nosis and favorable prognosis.