Osteometric dataset of rodent skeletal collections from Armenia (1940-1981).

This data article presents a comprehensive osteometric dataset of Rodentia specimens curated at the Institute of Zoology, Armenia. The dataset comprises detailed cranial and postcranial measurements from 211 individuals, representing 27 species across 5 families. Collected over a 41-year period (1940-1981) throughout Armenia, the material includes standardized raw measurements of the skull, scapula, humerus, ulna, pelvis, femur, and tibia, following established zoological protocols. As the largest rodent osteological collection in the region, this dataset serves as a vital open-access comparative resource for ecological and archaeozoological studies, particularly for the taxonomic identification of fragmented Holocene faunal remains.