The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026
Off-target effects of percutaneous epidural spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion stimulation with task-specific training on lower urinary tract function in individuals with chronic spinal cord injury.
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Soong Christina, Veith Daniel D, Gill Megan L, Beck Lisa A, Block Julie B, Asp Anders J, Fernandez K A, Linde Margaux B, Mills Candee J, Scrabeck Tyson L, Jahanian Omid, Grahn Peter J, Zhao Kristin D, Solinsky Ryan
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the off-target effects of motor-optimized SCS-enabled task-specific training (SCS-TST) on lower urinary tract function through self-reported data from individuals with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), using the Neurogenic Bladder Symptom Score (NBSS). A secondary objective was to explore whether participant characteristics or bladder treatments were associated with changes in NBSS outcomes.
DESIGN: Datasets from two prospective pilot trials using percutaneous spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to enable motor function were analyzed and reported.
SETTING: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
PARTICIPANTS: Adults ≥ 1-year post traumatic SCI.
INTERVENTIONS: Participants received either 12 days of epidural stimulation (ES) or 10 days of ES and dorsal root ganglion stimulation (ESDRS), each coupled with 6-8 SCS-TST sessions.
OUTCOME MEASURES: NBSS was administered pre- and post-intervention.
RESULTS: Analysis of 23 participants (ES, n = 3; ESDRS, n = 20) showed no significant group-level changes in total NBSS (p = 0.49) or functional domains (p = 0.56-0.85). Individually, 83% demonstrated no clinically meaningful change, while 9% improved and 9% worsened. Exploratory analyses identified that symptom change was associated with neurological level of injury (p = 0.017), age (p = 0.026), and marginally associated with injury severity (p = 0.055). Oxybutynin use was associated with lower symptom variability, without statistical significance (p = 0.074).
CONCLUSIONS: Motor-optimized SCS-TST did not lead to significant group-level changes in patient-reported urinary symptoms. However, a subset of individuals experienced improvement or worsening, suggesting that injury characteristics and medication use may influence urinary outcomes. These preliminary findings warrant confirmation in larger, adequately powered trials.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT05095454, NCT04736849.
DESIGN: Datasets from two prospective pilot trials using percutaneous spinal cord stimulation (SCS) to enable motor function were analyzed and reported.
SETTING: Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota.
PARTICIPANTS: Adults ≥ 1-year post traumatic SCI.
INTERVENTIONS: Participants received either 12 days of epidural stimulation (ES) or 10 days of ES and dorsal root ganglion stimulation (ESDRS), each coupled with 6-8 SCS-TST sessions.
OUTCOME MEASURES: NBSS was administered pre- and post-intervention.
RESULTS: Analysis of 23 participants (ES, n = 3; ESDRS, n = 20) showed no significant group-level changes in total NBSS (p = 0.49) or functional domains (p = 0.56-0.85). Individually, 83% demonstrated no clinically meaningful change, while 9% improved and 9% worsened. Exploratory analyses identified that symptom change was associated with neurological level of injury (p = 0.017), age (p = 0.026), and marginally associated with injury severity (p = 0.055). Oxybutynin use was associated with lower symptom variability, without statistical significance (p = 0.074).
CONCLUSIONS: Motor-optimized SCS-TST did not lead to significant group-level changes in patient-reported urinary symptoms. However, a subset of individuals experienced improvement or worsening, suggesting that injury characteristics and medication use may influence urinary outcomes. These preliminary findings warrant confirmation in larger, adequately powered trials.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers: NCT05095454, NCT04736849.