From black urine to bladder obstruction: multidisciplinary management of extensive stone formation in alkaptonuria.

Alkaptonuria, although rare, can lead to severe multisystemic manifestations, including progressive ochronosis and extensive urological complications. This case highlights an unusually diffuse stone burden involving the entire urinary tract, emphasising the importance of early recognition of classic signs such as dark urine and joint stiffness. Timely biochemical confirmation and imaging can aid in the appropriate diagnosis. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach encompassing metabolic control, surgical intervention and long-term follow-up. Greater awareness of this condition among clinicians can prevent delays in diagnosis and reduce morbidity through proactive monitoring and individualized therapeutic strategies.