MLD according to the WHO classification in AML has no correlation with age and no independent prognostic relevance as analyzed in 1766 patients.

Between February 1996 and December 2004, the German Leukemia Study Initiative registered 1766 consecutive patients for the acute myeloid leukemia (AML) 96 study, all of whom were diagnosed by central cytomorphology according to the French-American-British (FAB) and the new World Health Organization (WHO) classification. We focused our analysis on the prognostic impact of multilineage dysplasia (MLD) as a new parameter of the WHO classification for AML. We could not confirm the WHO statement that MLD occurs most frequently in older individuals, but we confirmed that MLD is often associated with an unfavorable cytogenetic profile (P < .001). In 1332 individuals receiving intensive AML therapy presence of MLD was negatively correlated with complete remission (P = .001) in univariate, but not in multivariate, analysis. Multivariate analysis of either event-free or overall survival again failed to show an independent prognostic significance of MLD besides age, cytogenetics, and, in part, NPM1/FLT3-ITD mutations. Our data support a reassessment of the WHO classification in the light of a more biologic understanding of AML. This study is registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT00180115.