Journal of affective disorders · 2025
Latent profiles of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms and their association with recovery trajectories in active transportation injury survivors.
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Momenyan Somayeh, Chan Herbert, Jae Lina, Taylor John A, Staples John A, Kestler Andrew, Brar Baljeet, Brubacher Jeffrey R
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to identify distinct post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom patterns following active transport injury, determine predictors of pattern membership, and estimate trajectories of 12-month recovery outcomes within each identified PTSD pattern.
METHODS: This prospective inception cohort study analyzed data of 1636 survivors recruited in British Columbia, Canada, between January 2022 and December 2023. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Specific (PCL-S) at 2 months post-injury. The recovery outcome of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured at baseline (prior to injury) and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months post-injury. Self-reported recovery outcomes, including full recovery, return to work or study, daily activities, and recreational activities, were also evaluated at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months post-injury.
RESULTS: Three distinct PTSD symptom patterns were identified: Low symptoms (n = 1047, 64.0 %), Moderate symptoms (n = 400, 24.4 %), and High symptoms (n = 189, 11.6 %). Patients in High symptoms group were more likely to be younger, female, pedestrians, having higher pre-injury pain catastrophizing, greater psychological distress, lower pre-injury HRQoL, no expectation of a fast recovery, pre-existing bodily complaints, higher injury pain scores, and injuries to the head, face, neck, or torso. Recovery trajectories revealed that the High symptom group experienced sharp and persistent declines in HRQoL and consistently lower probabilities of full recovery, return to work or study, and engagement in daily or recreational activities compared to other groups.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the heterogeneity of PTSD symptom patterns following injury and underscores the need to address PTSD symptoms as an important part of the recovery process.
METHODS: This prospective inception cohort study analyzed data of 1636 survivors recruited in British Columbia, Canada, between January 2022 and December 2023. PTSD symptoms were assessed using the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Specific (PCL-S) at 2 months post-injury. The recovery outcome of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was measured at baseline (prior to injury) and at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months post-injury. Self-reported recovery outcomes, including full recovery, return to work or study, daily activities, and recreational activities, were also evaluated at 2, 4, 6, and 12 months post-injury.
RESULTS: Three distinct PTSD symptom patterns were identified: Low symptoms (n = 1047, 64.0 %), Moderate symptoms (n = 400, 24.4 %), and High symptoms (n = 189, 11.6 %). Patients in High symptoms group were more likely to be younger, female, pedestrians, having higher pre-injury pain catastrophizing, greater psychological distress, lower pre-injury HRQoL, no expectation of a fast recovery, pre-existing bodily complaints, higher injury pain scores, and injuries to the head, face, neck, or torso. Recovery trajectories revealed that the High symptom group experienced sharp and persistent declines in HRQoL and consistently lower probabilities of full recovery, return to work or study, and engagement in daily or recreational activities compared to other groups.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the heterogeneity of PTSD symptom patterns following injury and underscores the need to address PTSD symptoms as an important part of the recovery process.