In vivo assessment of rosmarinic acid phytosomes for concurrent antidiabetic and antihypertensive effects.

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension commonly coexist, creating a major global health challenge that requires therapies capable of targeting multiple pathological pathways simultaneously. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of rosmarinic acid phytosome in experimental models of both conditions. Hypertension was induced in rats through a high-fructose diet, while diabetes was produced using streptozotocin administration. Animals were treated with rosmarinic acid phytosome, conventional rosmarinic acid, standard drugs such as captopril or acarbose, or left untreated. Parameters including blood pressure, blood glucose, lipid profile, renal function markers, antioxidant activity, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes in the heart, kidneys, and pancreas were assessed. The results demonstrated that rosmarinic acid phytosome significantly reduced blood pressure and blood glucose levels, improved lipid metabolism, and decreased renal stress biomarkers. Enhanced antioxidant defense and reduced oxidative damage were also observed in treated groups. Moreover, the phytosomal formulation showed greater efficacy than conventional rosmarinic acid, likely due to improved bioavailability. Histopathological analysis further revealed near-normal tissue architecture in the heart, kidneys, and pancreas following treatment. Overall, the findings suggest that rosmarinic acid phytosome may serve as a promising plant-based therapeutic approach for the simultaneous management of diabetes and hypertension and could be considered for further clinical investigation.