Comparative effects of syngeneic graft and xenograft blood for hemolytic anemia modeling in dogs.

BACKGROUND

Hemolytic anemia (HA) involves premature red blood cell (RBC) destruction and often occurs in dogs as immune-mediated HA (IMHA) and hemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs). Developing an animal model is crucial for studying its mechanisms. Syngeneic grafts or xenograft blood can be used experimentally to induce hemolytic and autoimmune responses through self-antigen mimicry.

AIM: This study aimed to examine the comparative effects of syngeneic graft and xenograft blood on HA induction in mice.

METHODS

There were three groups (n = 18 mice): a negative control, a syngeneic graft group, and a xenograft group. The syngeneic graft blood was obtained from mice of a different seller. Xenograft blood was obtained from a cat. Blood was injected intraperitoneally at 0.2 ml 5 times per week for 7 weeks. Mice were observed for 14 days after the last injection. Effects were evaluated based on complete blood count (RBC, WBC, Hb, and packed cell volume), blood chemistry [TPP, bilirubin, globulin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine], blood smear description, relative splenic CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and spleen, liver, and kidney histopathology.

RESULTS

The results showed that the xenograft blood group had higher (p < 0.05) WBC, bilirubin, and BUN levels, as well as a higher number of splenic CD4+ and CD8+ cells, than the syngeneic graft blood group. Additionally, it had lower albumin and creatinine levels (p < 0.05) than the syngeneic graft. Both syngeneic and xenograft blood induced tissue destruction in the spleen, liver, and kidney.

CONCLUSION

The research concluded that syngeneic graft blood induced a HTRs model, and xenograft blood induced an IMHA-like model.