Posttreatment Surveillance of Anal Cancer.

As the treatment path for anal cancers have become highly effective, prevalence of anal cancer survivors needing follow-up has multiplied over the past few decades. Successful long-term care of these patients warrants a robust surveillance program with 2 fold goals. First, to make an early diagnosis of persistent, progressive, or recurrent disease. Second, to monitor for acute and/or delayed toxicities as well as adverse effects from therapy. The goal of this article is to expand on the role and components of posttreatment surveillance of anal cancer.