Drugs & aging · 2007
Does organisational culture influence prescribing in care homes for older people? A new direction for research.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Sharma Vikas, Panda Naresh K, Kapoor Archit, Angrish Prerna, Raj Reshma R
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Presentation of kidney tumor patients in-group gave birth to the hypothesis that oncogen exposure is influenced by the weather. Frequency and spectrum of renal tumors was also studied. Incidence of the tumor cannot be evaluated as we are lacking in data collection of pediatric population, inoperable cases and patients with bilateral renal tumors, who did not under go nephrectomies.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case records of all patients who underwent nephrectomy at the Department of Urology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, between 1988 and 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Histologically proven cases of renal cancer seen over 13 years period under review, were included in the study.
RESULTS: Between 1988 to 2000, 80 histologically proven cases of renal carcinoma were seen. The ages of the patients ranged from 10 to 80 years (median 55 years) with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The frequency of kidney tumor in different months was evaluated. Spring and end of summer season showed increase number of kidney tumor patients 27.50% and 30% respectively but it is not significant. This is a small study at one center and data from other centers may be conclusive. Histology showed renal cell carcinoma in 86.2%, squamous cell carcinoma in 3.75%, transitional cell carcinoma in 3.75%, Wilms' tumor and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1.25% each and undifferentiated in 2.5% cases. Invasiveness was found in 16.25% cases, 7.5% had renal vein involvement, 6.25% lymph node and 2.5% inferior vena cava. Side of involvement was right in 51.2% and left in 48.8% cases. Of the total urological malignancies that were seen during 13 years period under review, renal carcinoma was found in 12.4% cases. Of the total nephrectomies that were carried out during this period 24.5% were the cases of renal carcinoma. Hospital frequency of renal carcinoma was 2.28/100,000/year or 6.1 tumors per year.
CONCLUSION: Impact of weather could not be proved a causative factor for kidney tumor presentation. This study also indicates that although the frequency of renal carcinoma may be different from western countries but the spectrum of the disease is quite similar.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Case records of all patients who underwent nephrectomy at the Department of Urology, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (PIMS), Islamabad, between 1988 and 2000 were retrospectively analyzed. Histologically proven cases of renal cancer seen over 13 years period under review, were included in the study.
RESULTS: Between 1988 to 2000, 80 histologically proven cases of renal carcinoma were seen. The ages of the patients ranged from 10 to 80 years (median 55 years) with a male to female ratio of 2:1. The frequency of kidney tumor in different months was evaluated. Spring and end of summer season showed increase number of kidney tumor patients 27.50% and 30% respectively but it is not significant. This is a small study at one center and data from other centers may be conclusive. Histology showed renal cell carcinoma in 86.2%, squamous cell carcinoma in 3.75%, transitional cell carcinoma in 3.75%, Wilms' tumor and Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in 1.25% each and undifferentiated in 2.5% cases. Invasiveness was found in 16.25% cases, 7.5% had renal vein involvement, 6.25% lymph node and 2.5% inferior vena cava. Side of involvement was right in 51.2% and left in 48.8% cases. Of the total urological malignancies that were seen during 13 years period under review, renal carcinoma was found in 12.4% cases. Of the total nephrectomies that were carried out during this period 24.5% were the cases of renal carcinoma. Hospital frequency of renal carcinoma was 2.28/100,000/year or 6.1 tumors per year.
CONCLUSION: Impact of weather could not be proved a causative factor for kidney tumor presentation. This study also indicates that although the frequency of renal carcinoma may be different from western countries but the spectrum of the disease is quite similar.