Papillomatosis of the Biliary Tree and Gallbladder: Successful Treatment With Repeated Resection and Liver Transplant.

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct is now considered to be a specific type of bile duct tumor. The progenitor cells of intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct are located in the peribiliary gland, which are distributed along the intrahepatic bile duct, extrahepatic bile duct, and gallbladder; therefore, these neoplasms could arise in any area. The mainstay of treatment for patients with intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct is complete surgical resection. Neoplasms involving both lobes of the liver can only be treated with liver transplant. There have been 11 reported cases of patients with biliary papillomatosis treated with liver transplant. In all of these cases, involvement was limited to the bile duct. Herein, we present the first case of papillomatosis with extensive involvement in the intrahepatic bile duct, the extrahepatic bile duct, and the gallbladder, which was successfully treated with repeated resection and liver transplant.