Clinical and experimental dental research · 2025
Influence of Parotid Saliva Composition on Phosphate Species' Chemical State in Relation to Dental Caries.
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Rovera Angela, Alzahrani Ali S, Rovera Guido, Anderson Paul
Аннотация
OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to analyze the influence of parotid saliva (PS) composition on the phosphate species' chemical state in relation to dental caries.
METHODS: Unilateral stimulated PS samples were collected from 21 healthy adult subjects using a Lashley cup. Clinical caries scores of each subject were classified using the ICDAS score. The pH was recorded for each saliva sample. The concentration of specific inorganic elements (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Al3+, Sr2+, Li+, Zn2+, and Mg2+) was measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The PS effective concentration of ions and the degree of saturation (DS) with respect to enamel mineral were determined by speciation calculation. The PS chemical environment was determined using 31P-Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Spectroscopy (31P-NMR). Pearson's correlation test was applied to evaluate the influence of PS composition on the ICDAS score.
RESULTS: The pH varied from 5.9 to 7.6. The ICDAS scores varied from 0.03 to 2.48. PS was supersaturated with respect to HAp at all pH values. The 31P-NMR peak position value reflects the phosphate chemical state within PS and its change in relation to pH. Only calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly correlated with the 31P-NMR peak position value (ppm), whereas no correlation was observed between the 31P-NMR peak position value and the activities of K+, Na+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Li+, and Zn2+.
CONCLUSIONS: This parotid saliva 31P-NMR study has shown that calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly influence the phosphate species' chemical state existing within PS and provides extended knowledge on the main biochemical determinants of the caries process.
METHODS: Unilateral stimulated PS samples were collected from 21 healthy adult subjects using a Lashley cup. Clinical caries scores of each subject were classified using the ICDAS score. The pH was recorded for each saliva sample. The concentration of specific inorganic elements (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Al3+, Sr2+, Li+, Zn2+, and Mg2+) was measured using an Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES). The PS effective concentration of ions and the degree of saturation (DS) with respect to enamel mineral were determined by speciation calculation. The PS chemical environment was determined using 31P-Nuclear-Magnetic-Resonance-Spectroscopy (31P-NMR). Pearson's correlation test was applied to evaluate the influence of PS composition on the ICDAS score.
RESULTS: The pH varied from 5.9 to 7.6. The ICDAS scores varied from 0.03 to 2.48. PS was supersaturated with respect to HAp at all pH values. The 31P-NMR peak position value reflects the phosphate chemical state within PS and its change in relation to pH. Only calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly correlated with the 31P-NMR peak position value (ppm), whereas no correlation was observed between the 31P-NMR peak position value and the activities of K+, Na+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Li+, and Zn2+.
CONCLUSIONS: This parotid saliva 31P-NMR study has shown that calcium ion concentration [Ca2+], aluminum activity {Al3+}, and DSHAp significantly influence the phosphate species' chemical state existing within PS and provides extended knowledge on the main biochemical determinants of the caries process.