Bovine amnion membrane-hydroxyapatite composite enhances alveolar bone regeneration by modulating osteoclast activity and woven bone formation.

Tooth extraction without proper socket prevention will lead to bone loss. Applying bovine amnion membrane-hydroxyapatite (BAM-HA composite) can maintain bone structure through osteoclast and woven bone formation. The purpose of the study to evaluate the different compositions of BAM-HA composite as socket preservation by analyzing osteoclast and woven bone formation. Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent lower anterior teeth extraction. Each socket treated by BAM-HA composite with different ratio or composition 30:70, 35:65, 40:60 and control group treated with BioOss collagen. Fourteen and twent-eight-days after treatment, the mandible was collected for histological analysis for osteoclast and woven bone formation using hematoxyline-eosine staining. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test with p<0.05 consider as statistical differences. BAM-HA composite treated groups showed a reduction in osteoclast numbers compared to the control and BioOss groups (p<0.05), indicating a suppression of excessive bone resorption. Concurrently, BAM-HA composite-treated groups, particularly composition 30:70 and 35:65, exhibited the highest levels of woven bone formation (p<0.05), suggesting enhanced bone regeneration. The application of the BAM-HA composite enhances alveolar bone regeneration in Sprague-Dawley rats tooth extraction sockets by reducing osteoclast number and promoting woven bone formation, suggesting its potential as an effective bone graft material to maintain the alveolar bone height.