The European Landscape of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: Reporting, Surveillance, and Management Practices from the European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery Survey 2026.

BACKGROUND

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma is a rare but increasingly recognised complication of breast implantation. Despite growing awareness, data on incidence, surveillance systems, and clinical management across Europe remain heterogeneous and insufficiently standardised.

METHODS

The European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery conducted a cross-sectional survey among national society representatives to collect data on reported cases of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma as well as on national documentation practices, surveillance systems, and clinical management strategies. Data were collected via a web-based questionnaire between January and February 2026.

RESULTS

Twenty responses were obtained, reporting a total of 626 cases of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma. A marked geographic variation was observed, with the highest case numbers reported in France, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Only a minority of respondents reported the existence of complete implant documentation or structured follow-up programs, and most considered current reporting systems to be incomplete. Although the overall awareness of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma and adherence to core management principles were high, substantial variability was observed in surveillance strategies, reporting obligations, and registry implementation.

CONCLUSIONS

This survey highlights perceived heterogeneity in breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma documentation and surveillance across Europe and suggests that under-reporting may exist in some countries. These findings support further efforts toward a harmonised European surveillance framework and standardized reporting system coordinated by The European Society of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, alongside strengthened professional education and guideline-based clinical management to improve patient safety and epidemiological data quality.