Thyroid function post-bariatric surgery: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively assess the effect of bariatric surgery on thyroid function. A search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed until 19 November 2024. Sixty-seven studies with 8,754 total patients included in our analysis showed a significant decrease in pooled standard mean differences (SMD) of serum TSH, total T3, and free T3 levels post operation (p-value < 0.05). Our analysis showed a significant marginal decrease in total T4 level by subgroup analysis in overall region and surgery (p-value < 0.05) whereas free T4 didn't change significantly (p-value > 0.05). Subgroup analyses, meta-regression, and publication bias analysis were done. Based on this meta-analysis, significant reduction of TSH, marginally total T4, Total T3, and free T3 levels, as well as non-significant change of FT4 are expected following bariatric surgery.