Considerations in the Treatment of Massive Soft Tissue Injuries of the Face and Neck.

Massive soft tissue reconstruction in the face and neck poses many surgical challenges due to the importance of both function and esthetics. Different mechanisms of injury can alter physician focus when it comes to initial diagnostics, stabilization, need for surgical exploration, and nuances in reconstruction. This article discusses a multitude of reconstruction concepts such as facial subunits, a structural approach, inside-out approach, facial volume and motor rehabilitation, and the need for multiple stages and revisions for best outcomes. In addition, advanced reconstructive techniques are addressed such as tissue expansion, prelamination, prefabrication, prosthetics, and facial allotransplantation.