[New opportunities and challenges of anal preservation strategies for rectal cancer in the era of immunotherapy].

With the advancement of medical technology and concept, rectal cancer treatment methods continue to develop, further improving the efficacy of comprehensive treatment and quality of life for patients. Innovation in various anal preservation operations for low rectal cancer has continuously improved the rate of anal preservation, and the concept of the "watch and wait" strategy may become a new milestone in the treatment of rectal cancer. With the application of immunotherapy to all aspects of cancer treatment, it will certainly have a profound impact on the treatment of colorectal cancer, especially the anal preservation strategy. Combined with the new characteristics, advantages, and achievements of immunotherapy, more patients with rectal cancer can achieve the purpose of preserving the anus and organs through nonsurgical therapy, and obtain the same disease-free survival and overall survival while improving the quality of life. Currently, the study of sensitization immunotherapy for different types of bowel cancer is in the ascendancy, and the development of a better treatment plan is an urgent problem to be explored and solved.