Long-Term Outcome of Third Myeloablative Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation Using Unrelated Cord Blood: A Case Report.

Although a second allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT2) may cure leukemia relapse after the first allogeneic SCT (SCT1), relapse frequently occurs after SCT2. Recently, several reports on the outcomes of the third allogeneic SCT (SCT3) in patients with relapse after SCT2 have been published. However, no reports have detailed the long-term survival of patients with myeloablative SCT3 using unrelated cord blood (CB). Here, we report the results of our clinical experience in a patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) treated with SCT3 using CB after myeloablative conditioning. The patient remains alive and disease-free for 16.8 years after SCT3. To our knowledge, this patient is the longest survivor of AML after SCT3.