Ultrasound in medicine & biology · 2025
Method for Developing Tissue-mimicking Ultrasound Imaging Phantoms of Organs using Polyvinyl Alcohol and 3-D Printed Moulds.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Kumar Abhishek, Sheet Debdoot
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: Medical imaging has advanced significantly, driving the need for realistic phantoms to enhance diagnosis, training and system calibration. However, existing homemade phantoms have limited lifespans and suboptimal tissue-mimicking properties, while commercial phantoms are often costly and inaccessible to many researchers. This study aims to fabricate polyvinyl alcohol cryogel phantoms replicating rabbit liver and human thyroid tissues using 3-D printing and silicone moulding techniques.
METHODS: Polyvinyl alcohol cryogel phantoms were fabricated using multiple freeze-thaw cycles to achieve the desired acoustic and mechanical properties. Silicone moulding and 3-D printing enable anatomically accurate moulds for precise tissue replication. The phantoms' acoustic and mechanical properties, including speed of sound, acoustic impedance, Young's modulus, shear modulus and density, were evaluated.
RESULTS: The fabricated phantoms exhibited acoustic (3 MHz) and mechanical properties closely related to those of actual rabbit liver and human thyroid tissues, including speed of sound (1528±6 m/s and 1531±6 m/s), acoustic impedance (1.60±0.01 Mrayl and 1.64±0.02 Mrayl), Young's modulus (129.02±3.43 kPa and 131.48±5.78 kPa), shear modulus (43.01±3.43 kPa and 43.83±2.39 kPa) and density (1050 kg/m³ and 1070 kg/m³), respectively. The phantoms also replicated ultrasound speckle patterns, enhancing their realism for imaging applications.
CONCLUSION: The polyvinyl alcohol cryogel phantoms closely resemble the acoustic and mechanical properties of rabbit liver and human thyroid tissues. Their cost-effective fabrication and accurate tissue replication make them ideal for ultrasound imaging research, training, education and calibration.
METHODS: Polyvinyl alcohol cryogel phantoms were fabricated using multiple freeze-thaw cycles to achieve the desired acoustic and mechanical properties. Silicone moulding and 3-D printing enable anatomically accurate moulds for precise tissue replication. The phantoms' acoustic and mechanical properties, including speed of sound, acoustic impedance, Young's modulus, shear modulus and density, were evaluated.
RESULTS: The fabricated phantoms exhibited acoustic (3 MHz) and mechanical properties closely related to those of actual rabbit liver and human thyroid tissues, including speed of sound (1528±6 m/s and 1531±6 m/s), acoustic impedance (1.60±0.01 Mrayl and 1.64±0.02 Mrayl), Young's modulus (129.02±3.43 kPa and 131.48±5.78 kPa), shear modulus (43.01±3.43 kPa and 43.83±2.39 kPa) and density (1050 kg/m³ and 1070 kg/m³), respectively. The phantoms also replicated ultrasound speckle patterns, enhancing their realism for imaging applications.
CONCLUSION: The polyvinyl alcohol cryogel phantoms closely resemble the acoustic and mechanical properties of rabbit liver and human thyroid tissues. Their cost-effective fabrication and accurate tissue replication make them ideal for ultrasound imaging research, training, education and calibration.