Effects of different light intensities on the transcriptome changes of duck retina and pineal gland.

The light intensity can affect the production performance of animals. The retina and pineal gland, closely linked, are directly photosensitive organs. This study evaluated the effect of light intensity on duck growth and investigated the effects of varying light intensities on retina and pineal gland transcriptome changes. The increase of light intensity will significantly decrease production performance, such as body weight, eviscerated weight, breast muscle weight, percentage of abdominal fat, etc. The RNA-seq revealed 967 and 201 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the retina and pineal gland under different light intensities, respectively. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) in the retina showed the DEGs were enriched in ECM-receptor interaction, Focal adhesion, Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Melanogenesis, etc. Meanwhile, the DEGs in the pineal gland were mainly enriched in pathways associated with the mTOR signaling pathway, melanin production pathway, etc. Our results indicated that different light intensities might affect the function of the retina and pineal gland, including the melanin production of the retina and the secretion of melatonin in the pineal gland. Our study can provide a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of the effects of different light intensities on the retina and pineal gland.