A hydrogel-based triboelectric noncontact-ionic pressure dual-function sensing system for measuring mandibular movement trajectory and bite force.

This study proposes a flexible sensing system for simultaneously measuring mandibular movement trajectories and bite force during mastication. The system employs a dual-mode sensing mechanism: the triboelectric module realizes non-contact detection of movement trajectories, while the ionic supercapacitor module achieves contact-based quantitative monitoring of bite force. The triboelectric unit delivers a peak voltage of 0.2 V, with signal attenuation below 5% after 10,000 s of continuous cycling, enabling stable capture of dynamic occlusion trajectories. The ionic unit exhibits a high sensitivity of 4.97 kPa-1 in the pressure range of 10-40 kPa, with a response time of 1 s and a recovery time of 1.6 s. It also shows signal drift below 10% after 1000 cycles, allowing reliable monitoring of bite force. By integrating machine learning, a dental health recognition model is constructed, achieving 99.25% accuracy in occlusal trajectory identification. This high-performance flexible system accurately captures mandibular movement and bite force, enabling full reconstruction of occlusal relationships and providing essential data support for the diagnosis and treatment of oral diseases.