Exploring the association between cervico-cranio-mandibular musculoskeletal function and obstructive sleep apnea: A preliminary study.

BACKGROUND

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent chronic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of upper airway narrowing or collapse during sleep. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with various health issues, including cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders. The cervico-craniomandibular complex (CCMC) plays a critical role in musculoskeletal functions such as mouth opening and head stabilization; however, its relationship with OSA remains insufficiently explored.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between cervico-cranio-mandibular musculoskeletal function and OSA severity, based on the hypothesis that dysfunctions within the CCMC are associated with greater OSA severity.

MATERIAL AND

METHODS

A pilot cross-sectional study was conducted involving 32 patients with symptoms of OSA. The participants underwent assessment of cervico-cranio-mandibular musculoskeletal function and an ambulatory sleep study to determine OSA severity. Spearman's tests were used to analyze the relationships between cervico-cranio-mandibular musculoskeletal parameters and OSA severity.

RESULTS

Significant negative correlations were observed between cervical range of motion (ROM) (flexion, left rotation, right/left lateral flexion) and OSA severity. The strongest correlation was identified for cervical movement in the frontal plane (r = -0.607, p < 0.001), especially among females (r = -0.772, p < 0.01). A positive relationship was found between mouth-opening muscle endurance and OSA severity in male participants (r = 0.445, p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

This preliminary study highlights potential associations between specific musculoskeletal characteristics of the CCMC and OSA severity, with notable sex-specific patterns. These findings may contribute to the development of targeted screening approaches and support individualized physiotherapeutic interventions.