Effects of COVID-19 on Corneal Transplants Across the Five Regions of Brazil and Trends in Post-Pandemic Recovery-A Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly disrupted global eye health services, including corneal transplants. This study evaluates the pandemic's long-term impact on corneal transplantation across Brazil's five regions, highlighting national and regional recovery trends.

METHOD: Monthly corneal transplantation data were obtained from the Brazilian Health Information System (DATASUS) and analyzed across four periods: pre-pandemic (January 2018 to February 2020), lockdown (March 2020 to December 2020), vaccination (January 2021 to March 2022), and post-pandemic (April 2022 to June 2024) across the five Brazilian regions.

RESULTS

Transplants dropped by 54% in 2020, with the South, Northeast, and Southeast most affected. In 2021, as vaccination efforts advanced, transplants recovered by 86%, particularly in the South, Northeast, and Southeast. The upward trend continued in 2022, with an 18% increase nationwide, especially in the North and South. However, in 2023, there was a slight overall decrease of 5%, with declines in the North, Southeast, and Midwest, while the South and Northeast saw minor increases.

CONCLUSION

Corneal transplantation in Brazil has shown signs of recovery, but a backlog remains, especially in underserved regions. This study underscores the need for continued monitoring and policy adjustments to address post-pandemic demand and promote equitable access to eye care.