The role of complete cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian carcinoma: where do we stand today? A comprehensive review and clinical insights from a leading oncology center in India.

BACKGROUND

The current treatment for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Although many patients respond well to this treatment, many will relapse and die from peritoneal carcinomatosis. Adding Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) to the standard treatment has been shown to improve survival by reducing cancer recurrence in the abdomen, with acceptable side effects. This article summarizes the current evidence and our long experience with CRS and HIPEC at different stages of ovarian cancer treatment: at upfront CRS, at interval CRS, at secondary CRS, and as palliative setting.

METHODS

Our study cohort includes 400 EOC patients who underwent CRS only and CRS with HIPEC in upfront, interval, and secondary setting. Cisplatin 75mg/m2 for 60 min was used in all settings.

RESULTS

For a median follow-up of 80 months, the DFS in CRS with HIPEC and CRS only were 34.3 months vs 22.7 months in the upfront group (p < 0.001), 18.9 months vs 13.3 months in the interval group, (p 0.04) and 14.7 months vs 11.9 months in secondary group, (p 0.13). The median OS in the CRS with HIPEC vs CRS only group was 72.1 months vs 43.3 months in the upfront setting, (p-value 0.034) and 54.2 months vs 44.7 months in the interval setting (p-value 0.44). At 5 years, 49% in the upfront setting and 28% in the interval setting were alive in the CRS with HIPEC arm. There was no difference in Clavien Dindo Grade 3 & 4 postoperative complications among both the groups except for days of hospital stay (p-value 0.016).

CONCLUSIONS

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with HIPEC presently play a promising treatment strategy for advanced ovarian cancer, potentially enhancing outcomes compared to conventional therapies in all settings. Thus, adding HIPEC to complete cytoreductive surgery has improved outcomes in all required settings of advanced EOC especially in upfront setting.