Electroenzymatic CO2 Fixation.

Replacing fossil resources with renewable alternatives for chemical production requires highly integrated, energy-efficient, and selective CO2 utilization processes. Electroenzymatic CO2 fixation offers a promising pathway, combining high energy efficiency with unparalleled product selectivity, making it a viable approach for synthesizing complex molecules. This review outlines the fundamental principles of bioelectrocatalytic CO2 conversion using reductases and carboxylases, providing an overview of the available enzymes, their product range, and key thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. By highlighting both the potential and limitations of electrochemical CO2 fixation, this review aims to inform future progress in the discovery, engineering, and application of CO2-converting enzymes, with the ultimate goal of realizing the full potential of electroenzymatic CO2 fixation for the sustainable synthesis of fine and specialty chemicals.