Umbilical hernias, umbilical abscesses, and urachal fistulas. Surgical considerations.

Swellings of the umbilical stalk, with or without herniation, are common findings in calves. Differentiation of involved structures is helpful in deciding the surgical approach and type of anesthesia required. This article deals with clinical signs, diagnostic procedures, and surgical techniques used to repair problems related to the umbilical stalk.