Dynamic compliance penis enlargement patch.

Men are particularly sensitive to penis size, especially those with a deformed or injured penis. This can lead to a strong desire for penis enlargement surgery. Given the ethical sensitivities of the penis, penile implants need to be developed with both efficacy and safety. In this study, a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) patch for penile enlargement prepared via cyclic freeze‒thaw cycles and alkaline treatment. The PVA hydrogels treated with 5 M NaOH had the best mechanical properties and stability. A negative Poisson's ratio structure is incorporated into the design of the enlargement patch, which allows it to conform well to the deformation of the penis. In rabbit models, the enlarged patches can effectively enlarge the penis without degradation or fibrosis while maintaining long-term stability in vivo. This innovation not only provides a safe option for patients in need of penile enlargement but also promises to make a broader contribution to the field of dynamic tissue repair.