Cascade and Fusion of Multitask Convolutional Neural Networks for Detection of Thyroid Nodules in Contrast-Enhanced CT.

With the development of computed tomography (CT), the contrast-enhanced CT scan is widely used in the diagnosis of thyroid nodules. However, due to the artifacts and high complexity of thyroid CT images, traditional machine learning has difficulty in detecting thyroid nodules in contrast-enhanced CT. A fully automated detection algorithm for thyroid nodules using contrast-enhanced CT images is developed. A modified U-Net architecture of fully convolutional networks is employed to segment the thyroid region of interest (ROI), and a fusion of convolutional neural networks (CNN-Fs) is proposed to detect benign and malignant thyroid nodules from the ROI images and original contrast-enhanced CT images. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed cascade and fusion method of multitask convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is efficient in diagnosing thyroid diseases with contrast-enhanced CT images and has superior performance compared with other CNN methods.