Ponatinib-review of historical development, current status, and future research.

Ponatinib is a third-generation BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with high potency against Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-positive leukemias, including T315I-mutated disease, which is resistant to first- and second-generation TKIs. Ponatinib was approved for T315I-mutated chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), CML resistant/intolerant to ≥2 prior TKIs, advanced phase CML and Ph-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) where no other TKIs are indicated, and T315I-mutated CML and Ph-positive ALL. The response-based dosing of ponatinib in chronic phase CML (CP-CML) improved treatment tolerance and reduced the risk of toxicities, including cardiovascular risks. Ponatinib-based therapy also resulted in significantly better outcomes in frontline Ph-positive ALL compared with prior TKIs and is becoming a new standard of care in this setting. As the clinical development of third-generation TKIs and their rational combinations progresses, we envision further transformative changes in the treatment of CML and Ph-positive ALL.