Journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery : official journal of the American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons · 2026
Epidemiology of Facial Fractures Encountered in the Emergency Department Setting in the United States: An Update of Nationwide Estimates.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Han Michael D, Vogel Sofie, Ahn Gloria, Lee Min Kyeong, Allareddy Veerasathpurush
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Facial fractures cause morbidity and involve intense resource use. Over the last two decades, several societal developments such as enactment of the Affordable Care Act and the COVID-19 pandemic occurred that could have potentially impacted facial fracture care.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to present the newest available nationwide epidemiologic data on facial fractures encountered in hospital-based emergency department (ED) settings in the United States (US), for years 2021 and 2022, and narratively compared to 2007, when the last epidemiologic data were published using the same database source.
STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: This was a descriptive retrospective case series of the 2021 and 2022 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database. All ED visits for the years 2021 and 2022 were included in the study, and those with missing data were excluded from analysis.
PREDICTOR VARIABLE: Given the descriptive study nature, there were no predictor variables.
MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE: The primary outcome variable was the frequency of facial fractures. Secondary outcome variables included fracture site, sociodemographic variables (age, sex, race, and insurance status), and patient- and hospital-related factors (disposition and ED charges in 2022 US dollars).
COVARIATES: There were no covariates.
ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics, including weighted frequencies, weighted means, standard error, and 95% CI, were calculated.
RESULTS: Between 2021 and 2022, there were 965,750 facial fracture-related ED visits, representing a 9.5% interval increase over the 2 years and up to 24% increase compared to 2007. Mean age (46.6 years, standard error 0.2; 95% CI 46.4-47.3) and female presentation (37.4%) measurably increased compared to 2007, whereas the uninsured population decreased. Nasal bone (58.1%) was the most commonly involved area, followed by the orbit, maxilla, mandible, and zygoma. Most were routinely discharged from the ED (66.5%), and 23.3% were admitted. Mean ED charge was $12,013 (standard error 247; 95% CI 11,527, 12,498) per encounter, with total charges of $10,794,020,671 for 2021 and 2022.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Recognizing these significant sociodemographic, patient, and hospital-related changes can guide clinical care and policy-making, especially for targeted resource allocation. The findings can also serve as the basis for follow-up studies using complementary data sources.
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to present the newest available nationwide epidemiologic data on facial fractures encountered in hospital-based emergency department (ED) settings in the United States (US), for years 2021 and 2022, and narratively compared to 2007, when the last epidemiologic data were published using the same database source.
STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: This was a descriptive retrospective case series of the 2021 and 2022 Nationwide Emergency Department Sample database. All ED visits for the years 2021 and 2022 were included in the study, and those with missing data were excluded from analysis.
PREDICTOR VARIABLE: Given the descriptive study nature, there were no predictor variables.
MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE: The primary outcome variable was the frequency of facial fractures. Secondary outcome variables included fracture site, sociodemographic variables (age, sex, race, and insurance status), and patient- and hospital-related factors (disposition and ED charges in 2022 US dollars).
COVARIATES: There were no covariates.
ANALYSIS: Descriptive statistics, including weighted frequencies, weighted means, standard error, and 95% CI, were calculated.
RESULTS: Between 2021 and 2022, there were 965,750 facial fracture-related ED visits, representing a 9.5% interval increase over the 2 years and up to 24% increase compared to 2007. Mean age (46.6 years, standard error 0.2; 95% CI 46.4-47.3) and female presentation (37.4%) measurably increased compared to 2007, whereas the uninsured population decreased. Nasal bone (58.1%) was the most commonly involved area, followed by the orbit, maxilla, mandible, and zygoma. Most were routinely discharged from the ED (66.5%), and 23.3% were admitted. Mean ED charge was $12,013 (standard error 247; 95% CI 11,527, 12,498) per encounter, with total charges of $10,794,020,671 for 2021 and 2022.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Recognizing these significant sociodemographic, patient, and hospital-related changes can guide clinical care and policy-making, especially for targeted resource allocation. The findings can also serve as the basis for follow-up studies using complementary data sources.