Endoscopic Endonasal and Keyhole Surgery for Skull Base Meningiomas.

Traditionally, resection of anterior skull base meningiomas has been achieved by transcranial approaches; however, morbidity related (ie, brain retraction, sagittal sinus damage, optic nerve manipulation, and cosmetic healing) represent a limit of the approach. Minimally invasive techniques including supraorbital and endonasal endoscopic approaches (EEA) have gained consensus as surgical corridors provide direct access to the tumor via a midline approach in carefully selected patients . The supraorbital approach requires some retraction of the rectus gyrus, but it offers minimal risk of postoperative CSF leak or sinonasal morbidity compared to EEA.